The Book of Swindles (Piàn jīng 騙經), also known by its longer title, A New Book for Foiling Swindlers, Based on Worldly Experience (Jiānghú lìlǎn dùpiàn xīnshū 江湖歷覽杜騙新書), is said to be the first published and printed Chinese short story collection about fraud.[1] Written and compiled by Zhang Yingyu (張應俞), a man who lived in the early to mid 16th-century, it was published in Fujian province in or around 1617, and most of its stories are set during the latter part of the Ming dynasty.
To each story the author adds a commentary that offers a moral lesson. In some cases, Yingyu even notes the cleverness of the con while pointing out the foolishness of its victim.[2]
Modern editions have been entitled both The Book Against Swindles (Fan Pian Jing 反骗经) and The Book of Swindles (Pian jing 骗经). A selected English translation, The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection, translated by Christopher Rea and Bruce Rusk, was published by Columbia University Press in 2017.[3]
Background and themes
editThe first edition of 1617 has the full title A New Book for Foiling Swindlers, Based on Worldly Experience (Jianghu lilan dupian xinshu), suggesting that it is a guide to avoiding swindles and to how to negotiate in the risky world of the traveling merchant.[citation needed]
Types of swindle
editThe Book of Swindles is divided into twenty-four categories of swindle:
- Misdirection and Theft
- The Bag Drop
- Money Changing
- Misrepresentation
- False Relations
- Brokers
- Enticement to Gambling
- Showing Off Wealth
- Scheming for Wealth
- Robbery
- Violence
- On Boats
- Poetry
- Fake Silver
- Government Underlings
- Marriage
- Illicit Passion
- Women
- Kidnapping
- Corruption in Education
- Monks and Priests
- Alchemy
- Sorcery
- Pandering[4]
Author
editZhang Yingyu, style name Kui Zhong (夔衷), is an obscure figure. The Book of Swindles is the only known work to appear under his name, and no other records of him are known. A note on the title page of one Ming dynasty copy claims that he was from Zhejiang province, while a 1617 preface says that he was from Fujian.[2]
Relationship with other literary works and genres
editThe Book of Swindles incorporates elements from a variety of other Chinese genres, especially court case (gong'an) fiction, in which a capable magistrate solves a crime.[5] Stories involving sorcerers, Buddhist monks, and Daoist priests, who engage in alchemy or dream spirit possession, include motifs from supernatural tales. Other stories, featuring suspense, surprise and revelation, resemble jokes in structure. A minority include apocryphal anecdotes about historical figures.[6]
Other works of fiction from the same time period, such as stories by Feng Menglong (1574–1645), Ling Mengchu (1580–1644), and Li Yu (1610–80), as well as novels such as The Water Margin (Shui hu zhuan) and Plum in the Golden Vase (Jin ping mei), feature accounts of similar scenarios of deception and trickery.[2] Collections of swindle stories can also be found in contemporary China.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ Christopher Rea and Bruce Rusk, "Translators' Introduction," in Zhang Yingyu, The Book of Swindles (Columbia, 2017), p. xiii.
- ^ a b c Rea, Christopher; Rusk, Bruce (2017). Yingyu, Zhang (ed.). The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. xiii–xxxviii. ISBN 978-0231178624. JSTOR 10.7312/zhan16862.4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "The Book of Swindles – Selections from a Late Ming Collection | Columbia University Press". Columbia University Press. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ Translations from Rea, Christopher; Rusk, Bruce (2017). YINGYU, ZHANG (ed.). The Book of Swindles. Selections from a Late Ming Collection. Columbia University Press. pp. V–IX. ISBN 9780231178624. JSTOR 10.7312/zhan16862.2.
- ^ Robert Hegel, "Review of The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection", Ming Studies issue 77 (2018): 80–83.
- ^ Rob Moore, "Dirty Rotten Scoundrels", LARB China Channel. Archived on 1 July 2018.
External links
edit- Publisher website: The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection at Columbia University Press
- Book excerpt: "Flashy Clothing Incites Larceny", Association for Asian Studies Asia Now# blog
- Book excerpt: "Pilfering Green Cloth by Pretending to Steal a Goose", Asian Review of Books
- Interview: "Trickster Tales and True Crime", Columbia University Press blog
- ChinaFile video interview with Christopher Rea and Bruce Rusk
- "Cons from the Late Ming Dynasty", China Econ Talk podcast