The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tours, France.
Prior to 18th century
edit- 1st C. – Construction of the Tours Amphitheatre.[1] Population approx. 6,000.[2]
- 2nd C. – Tours amphitheatre expanded
- 3rd C. – Roman Catholic diocese of Tours established.[3]
- 250 – Tours Amphitheatre turned into a fortification
- 4th C. – Cathedral built by Litorius (bishop).[1]
- 327 - Marmoutier Abbey founded.[1]
- 360 – Castrum added to the area around the fortified amphitheatre.
- 371 – Martin of Tours becomes bishop.[1][4]
- 5th C. – Caesarodunum renamed "Civitas Turonorum."[1]
- 435 – Tours "affiliated to the Armorican confederation."[1] Ecclesiastical province of Tours established.
- 461 – Religious Council of Tours held.[5]
- 473 – Visigoths in power.[1]
- 567 – Second Council of Tours held.[5]
- 573 – Gregory of Tours becomes bishop.[6]
- 732 – Battle of Tours fought nearby.[7]
- 796
- Marmoutier Abbey scriptorium active (approximate date).[6]
- Charlemagne put Marmoutier Abbey into the care of Alcuin of York.[1]
- 813 – Third Council of Tours held.[4]
- 10th C. – City walls of Châteauneuf built around basilica of St. Martin.
- 853 & 903 - Normans pilaged.[1]
- 998 – Fire.[1]
- 11th C. – Château de Tours built.
- 11th–12th C. – Church of St Martin built.[8]
- 1034 – Pont d'Eudes (bridge) built (approximate date).[9]
- 1055 – Council of Tours held.[5]
- 1163 – Council of Tours (1163) held.[5]
- 1170 – Tours Cathedral construction begins.[1]
- 1203 – Livre tournois became the official currency of the kingdom.
- 1236 – Council of Tours (1236) held.[5]
- 1308 – Estates General of Tours (1308) held.
- ca.1420 - Jean Fouquet, painter, was born in Tours.[1]
- 1444 – Treaty of Tours. Tours became capital de facto of France.
- 1460 – Touraine customary laws codified.[10]
- 1464 – Louis XI, the "universal spider", created the system of royal postal roads, first roads started from Tours.
- 1468 – Estates General of Tours (1468) held.
- 1484 – Estates General of Tours (1484) held.
- 1506 – Estates General of Tours (1506) held.
- 1542 – Généralité of Tours created (included Touraine, Maine and Anjou).
- 1547 - Tours Cathedral building completed.[1]
- 1562 – Religious unrest.[1]
- 1589 – Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours.
- 1594 – Parliament of Tours returned to Paris. Kings definitely returned to Paris area.
18th century
edit- 1761 – Académie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Touraine established.[11]
- 1778 – Stone Bridge built.
- 1790 – Tours becomes part of the Indre-et-Loire souveraineté.[12]
- 1798 – Church of St Martin demolished.[8]
- 1799 – 20 May: Birth of Honoré de Balzac.
19th century
edit- 1800 – Population: 20,240.[12]
- 1801 – Canton of Tours-Sud, -Centre, and -Nord created.[12]
- 1803 – Chamber of Commerce established.[13]
- 1840 – Société archéologique de Touraine founded.[11]
- 1843 – Jardin botanique de Tours (garden) founded.[14]
- 1846 - Tours station opened.
- 1855 - Tours Amphitheatre rediscovered.
- 1858 – Tours–Le Mans railway begins operating.
- 1861 – Population: 41,061.[12]
- 1867 – Union Libérale newspaper begins publication.[15]
- 1870 – Tours becomes temporary "seat of French government, during siege of Paris."[7]
- 1872 – Tours Municipal Theatre built.[16]
- 1877 – Tours tramway (1877) begins operating.
- 1886 – Population: 59,585.[17]
- 1889 – Tours Municipal Theatre reopened after fire.[16]
- 1898 – Gare de Tours (rail station) built.
20th century
edit- 1904 – Hôtel de Ville completed.[18]
- 1906 – Population: 67,601. [1]
- 1911 – Population: 73,398.[19]
- 1917 – American Expeditionary Forces' "chief supply base" set up at Tours (approximate date), during World War I.[7]
- 1924 – Basilica of St. Martin, Tours rebuilt.
- 1949 – Tours trolleybus begins operating.
- 1957 – Bibliothèque municipale de Tours (library) built.
- 1962 – Population: 92,944.[12]
- 1968 – Musée du Compagnonnage established.[20]
- 1969 – François Rabelais University founded.
- 1978
- April: Collapse of Wilson Bridge (Tours).(fr)
- Stade de la Vallée du Cher (stadium) opens.
- Musée des Equipages Militaires et du Train (museum) established.[20]
- 1982 – Tours becomes part of the Centre-Val de Loire region.
- 1999 – Population: 132,820.[12]
21st century
edit- 2011 – Population: 134,633.
- 2013 – Tours tramway begins operating.
- 2014
- March: Tours municipal election, 2014 held.[21]
- Serge Babary becomes mayor.
See also
edit- Tours history
- Caesarodunum (Roman-era settlement)
- List of mayors of Tours
- List of heritage sites in Tours
- History of Centre-Val de Loire region
Other cities in the Centre-Val de Loire region:
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Britannica 1910.
- ^ Galinié, Henri; Morin, Thierry; Audin, Pierre (2007). Roman and medieval tours: Land uses and urban fabric : 40 years of urban archaeology. FERACF. ISBN 9782913272156.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: France". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ a b "Tours: Chronologie". Encyclopédie Larousse (in French). Éditions Larousse. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Daniel, Charles (1903). "Conciles particuliers". Manuel des sciences sacrées (in French). Paris: Delhomme & Briguet. (chronological list)
- ^ a b "France, 500–1000 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 767, OL 6112221M
- ^ a b Barral i Altet 2001, p. 67.
- ^ Base Mérimée: Pont d'Eudes dit Vieux Pont, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Caswell 1977.
- ^ a b "Sociétés savantes de France (Tours)" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Tours, EHESS (in French).
- ^ United States Department of Commerce; Archibald J. Wolfe (1915). "List of Chambers". Commercial Organizations in France. USA: Government Printing Office.
- ^ "Garden Search: France". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ A. de Chambure (1914). A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
- ^ a b Base Mérimée: Théâtre municipal, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
- ^ "1904 - Hotel de Ville, Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France". Archiseek. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ a b "(Tours)". Muséofile: Répertoire des musées français (in French). Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ "Résultats élections: Tours", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 11 April 2022
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
editin English
edit- "Tours", Handbook for Travellers in France, London: John Murray, 1861
- "Tours", Northern France, Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1899, OCLC 2229516
- "Tours". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t56d64f6t.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 107–108.
- Barral i Altet, Xavier (2001). The Romanesque: Towns, Cathedrals and Monasteries. Cologne: Taschen. p. 67. ISBN 3-8228-1237-4.
- Black, CB (1876), "Tours", Guide to the North of France, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black
- Caswell, Jean; Sipkov, Ivan (1977). "Touraine". Coutumes of France in the Library of Congress: an Annotated Bibliography. USA: Library of Congress. hdl:2027/mdp.39015034753866.
- Hourihane, Colum, ed. (2012). "Tours". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
- Vincent, Benjamin (1910), "Tours", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t
in French
edit- Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Champagnac [in French] (1839). "Tours". Manuel des dates, en forme de dictionnaire. Perisse frères.
- Alexandre Giraudet (1844). Tours; ses monuments, son industrie, ses grands hommes. Guide de l'étranger dans cette ville (in French). O. Lecesne.
- "Tours". Basse-Loire. À la France: sites et monuments (in French). Paris: Touring-Club de France. 1901. OCLC 457600236.
- Tours. Guides Joanne (in French). 1905.
- Paul Vitry (1907). Tours et les châteaux de Touraine. Les villes d'art célèbres (in French). Librairie Renouard.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tours (France).
- Items related to Tours, various dates (via Europeana).
- Items related to Tours, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).