Vojo Kushi[a] (Albanian pronunciation: ['vɔjɔ 'kuʃi]; Serbian Cyrillic: Војо Кушић, August 3, 1918 – October 10, 1942) was an Albanian and Yugoslav communist guerilla fighter (partisan) and one of the founders of the Communist group based in Shkodër, following the Italian occupation of Albania in April 1939. He was proclaimed a National Hero of Yugoslavia by the Yugoslav communist government on February 12, 1945, and then a Hero of Albania by the Albanian communist government in 1946.
Vojo Kushi | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 3 August 1918 |
| Died | 10 October 1942 (aged 24) |
| Nationality | Albanian-Serbian |
| Other names | Kušić |
| Occupation | Albanian resistance in World War II |
| Political party | Communist Party of Albania Communist Party of Yugoslavia |
| Awards |  Hero of the PeoplePeople's Hero (Yugoslav) (posthumous) |
Life
editKushi was born in 1918, in Vrakë, near Shkodër. He belonged to either the Serb-Montenegrin[1] or the Aromanian minority of Albania.[2] His original surname may have been Kušić (Serbian Cyrillic: Кушић); due to King Zog's state persecution of Serbs following 1920, surnames with obvious Slavic suffixes such as '-ić' and '-vić' were removed, as were Slavic-speaking schools.[1]
Following the Italian occupation of Albania in April 1939, the first communist revolutionary organization was established in Shkodër (Shkodër group), which included minority members brothers Vaso and Branko Kadija, Vojo Kushi, Jordan Misja, Ivo Jovanov, Vojin Dragović, Petar Bulatović and Vasil Shanto.[1] The Shkodër group was led by Shanto and Qemal Stafa.[3] The other organization, established in Korçë (Korçë group), was united into one on November 8, 1941, in Tirana, at the house of Bojko Lazarov, hence forming the Communist Party of Albania.[1] In 1942, he was chosen as a member of the regional committee for Tirana and appointed commander of guerilla units. Enver Hoxha was appointed the Party leader in order to include the majority Muslim population.[1]
Kushi was sent by the Albanian government for education at the Military Academy in Belgrade, in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Before his return to Albania, he joined the Yugoslav Partisans and became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.[4] One of the discussions of Partisans in Prokletije, including Kushi, was included in Đurica Labović's Lučonoša sa Prokletija (1985).[5]
The Albanian fascist regime sentenced communist fighters to death for treachery and unrest.[6] In Tirana, Qemal Stafa,[6] and later Kushi, Sadik Stavileci and Xoxi Martini were surrounded and killed by carabinieri on 10 October 1942.[7][8] Their house on the Kodra Kuqe quarter (Red Hill quater) was surrounded and a fight ensued for 6 hours, with tanks forcing them out; Kushi stormed out and killed several carabinieri, then ran out of bullets and jumped onto the tank and was killed.[7]
After the war, he was proclaimed a National Hero. In Albania, many streets, quarters, schools, sport institutions and others were named after him. In Tirana, a monument was erected in his honour, a statue of his face and his name below it. It is located in Sheshi Selvia, Tirana. An Albanian documentary about him, Vojo Kushi (1969), was made.
Later Hoxha imprisoned Vojo's brother Marko and his family in southern Albania as part of his party purges.[1]
Annotations
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f Zlatičanin, Blagoje (Summer–Autumn 2011). "Crnogorci iz Vrake na stalnoj Golgoti" (PDF). Matica. pp. 157–160. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-24.
- ^ "The Aromanian Question: Lessons of a Bloody History - Aromanian Cultural Society Farsharotu". Society Farsharotu. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
- ^ Pearson 2006, p. 158.
- ^ Morača, Pero (1961). Ratna sećanja: aktivista jugoslovenskog revolucionarnog radničkog pokreta. Kultura.
U našoj grupi bio je Vojo Kuši iz Skadra, koga je tadašnja albanska vlada poslala na školovanje u Vojnu akademiju u Beogradu. Pri povratku za Albaniju, otišao je u partizane i postao član KPJ. Izvodila se jedna akcija u zimu 1942. godine.
- ^ Labović, Đurica (1985). Lučonoša sa Prokletija. Nova knjiga.
насмеши се Воја Куши. — Али зашто му отвара^ у апетит! — заврте Радуле главом. — Медитираш? — упита Зеко Во^водић. Милић истог трена одговори: — На^бол>е разми1шьам и све мисли ми до- бщу крила, нарочито када ...
- ^ a b Marović, Miodrag (1 January 1995). Balkanski Džoker: Albanija i Albanci: istorijska hronika nastajanja i razvoja albanskog pitanja. Kulturni centar. ISBN 978-86-7004-005-2.
Oni su optuženi da su krivi za "izdajstva i provale" zbog kojih su u Tirani poginuli Kemal Stafa i Vojo Kuši, u Skadru Perljat Redžepi, Jordan Misto i Branko Kadija. "Čaša strpljenja bila je prepuna", rečeno je na vanrednoj konferenciji u Tirani, ...
- ^ a b Pearson 2006, p. 208.
- ^ Dedijer, Vladimir (1949). Jugoslovansko-albanski odnosi, 1939-1948. Borba.
Partija je doživela tudi hude udarce. V Tirani je v borbi s kara- binjerji junaško padel sekretar CK komunistične mladine Djemal Stafa. V Skadru so junaško padli tovariši Perljat Redžepi, Jordan Misto in Branko Kadija. V Tirani je bil Vojo Kuši z ...
- ^ Dedijer 1949, p. 28, Marović 1995, Morača 1961
- ^ Labović 1985, p. 137.
Sources
edit- Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume II: Albania in Occupation and War, 1939-45. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-104-5.