Wikipedia

Westminster Choir College

Westminster Choir College (WCC) is an historic conservatory of music, currently operating on the campus of Rider University, in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. Rider's College of Arts and Sciences (the college under which the historic institution has been reorganized) consists of Westminster Choir College and an additional three schools.

Westminster Choir College
MottoLatin: Spectemur agendo
Motto in English
Let us be judged by our deeds
TypePrivate
Established1926; 98 years ago (1926)
EndowmentUS$20 million
PresidentGregory G. Dell'Omo
DeanKelly Bidle
Academic staff
75
Undergraduates120
Postgraduates30
Location
Dayton, OH (1926–1929), Ithaca, NY (1929–1932), Princeton, NJ (1932–2020), Lawrenceville, NJ (2020– )
,
United States
ColorsPurple and gold   
MascotNone
Websitewww.rider.edu/wcc

From 1926 to 1929, WCC was an independent school located in Dayton, Ohio; it was then moved to Ithaca, New York (1929–1932), before relocating to Princeton, New Jersey (1932–2020), for much of its operating history. In 1992, the college merged with Rider University, continuing to occupy the historic campus in Downtown Princeton. In 2019, Rider University (controversially) attempted to monetize and sell the school, an issue under ongoing litigation by numerous plaintiffs. After a failed sale to Beijing-based[1] Kaiwen Education Technology (formerly Jiansu Zhongtai Steel Structure Company), a for-profit enterprise with numerous financial burdens of its own[2]—and owned solely by the Chinese government—Rider abandoned the Princeton campus and moved Westminster's programs to the University's main campus in Lawrenceville. In September 2024, the Princeton municipal council moved to purchase the campus through eminent domain for $50 million.[3]

History

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1920–1932: Presbyterian beginnings to the creation of a college

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In 1920 John Finley Williamson founded the Westminster Choir at the Westminster Presbyterian Church of Dayton, Ohio. In 1926, he established the Westminster Choir School. The school started with a faculty of ten, and sixty students. The graduates came to be known as Ministers of Music, a term coined by Williamson and still used today by many church music programs. The sound of the choir in its early days was heavily influenced by the work of F. Melius Christiansen and The St. Olaf Choir, however the choir quickly developed its own sound that more closely resembled English choirs.

 
Dayton Westminster Choir at Berliner Philharmonie in 1929

In 1922, the choir, then known as the Dayton Westminster Choir, began touring the United States annually, singing in Carnegie Hall (New York City), nearby Cincinnati Music Hall (Cincinnati), Symphony Hall (Boston), the Academy of Music (Philadelphia), Orchestra Hall (Chicago) and the White House for President Calvin Coolidge. The Choir made its first commercial recording with RCA Victor in 1926; recordings with other major conductors and orchestras followed.

In 1928, the Choir and the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra conducted by Leopold Stokowski made the nation's first coast-to-coast broadcast on Cincinnati radio station WLW. By a few years later, the Choir made a total of 60 half-hour broadcasts from NBC's New York facilities.

On March 9, 1929, the Choir performed at the White House for newly inaugurated President Herbert Hoover.[4] Years later, the Choir also sang for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Lyndon B. Johnson.

The first European tour took place in 1929 and was sponsored by Dayton philanthropist Katharine Houk Talbott and endorsed by Walter Damrosch, conductor of the New York Symphony Orchestra. The tour included 26 concerts in major cities of Europe.

Originally a three-year program, the Choir School moved to Ithaca College in New York State in 1929 and enlarged its curriculum to a four-year program culminating in a Bachelor of Music degree. A major reason for the move involved the need to be able to reach the major cities of Chicago, Philadelphia, and New York by rail. All three were cities that sought the choir under Williamson.

1932–1991: Independent music school in Princeton

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In 1932, the choir school relocated to Princeton, New Jersey, which became its long-term home. Classes were held in the First Presbyterian Church and the Princeton Seminary until 1934, when the school moved to its own campus. This was made possible by a large gift from the Ohio philanthropist Sophia Strong Taylor. The dedication of the new campus was marked by a performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's Mass in B minor at the Princeton University Chapel with the Westminster Choir, soloists, and the Philadelphia Orchestra (conducted by Leopold Stokowski). The services of the soloists, orchestra, and conductor were a gift from Stokowski.

 
Williamson Hall, Westminster Choir College

In 1934, a second European choir tour took place, lasting for nine weeks and highlighted by a live radio broadcast from Russia to the United States. In the fourteen years since its founding, in 1920, the choir already had undertaken two European tours, earning international acclaim and a campus of its own. In 1939, the State of New Jersey granted the choir school accreditation, and the name Westminster Choir College was adopted. In the years following accreditation, under Williamson's leadership, the choir would begin having regular concerts with the New York Philharmonic and the Philadelphia Orchestra. Also in 1939, the Westminster Choir sang with the New York Philharmonic for the first time, conducted by Sir John Barbirolli.

Since the 1930s, the choir has performed over three hundred concerts with the Philharmonic, a record number for a single choir to perform with an orchestra. Late in 1939, the choir sang with the NBC Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Arturo Toscanini. That same year, the choir, directed by Williamson, sang at the dedication of the New York World's Fair, which was broadcast to 53 countries.

In 1957, under the auspices of the U.S. State Department Cultural Exchange Program, the choir undertook a five-month world tour, concertizing in 22 countries and covering 40,000 miles (64,000 km), appearing before approximately a quarter-million people.

In 1958, Williamson retired as President of Westminster Choir College. On July 3, 1964, shortly after his death, and in accordance with his requests, his ashes were scattered on his beloved campus. This was said to have taken place during the performance of the Verdi Requiem with the Westminster Festival Choir, soloists, and the Festival Orchestra conducted by maestro Eugene Ormandy. This performance on the Westminster campus was part of the Tercentennial Celebration of the State of New Jersey. The following day, a memorial service for Williamson was held in the College Chapel.

In 1976, the choir college celebrated its 50th anniversary, highlighted by a performance of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (conducted by Robert Shaw), alumni soloists, and the Westminster Alumni Choir on the Princeton University campus. Despite a promising future at the 50th anniversary, Westminster soon began to see its prospects for continued existence threatened. Facilities on the campus fell into disrepair, and Erdman Hall was ultimately condemned as unfit for use. Recognizing that the college could not continue in this path, Westminster was faced with two options—either find a larger university to merge with, or cease operations.

1991–2017: Merger with Rider University and maintenance of dual campuses

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Entrance sign for the college as seen in 2019, which speaks to its relationship with its parent

Several schools, including nearby Princeton University as well as Drew University, Yale University, The Curtis Institute of Music, and The Juilliard School, all had an interest in purchasing Westminster Choir College. The desire of Westminster to remain in its historic campus resulted in an arrangement with the nearby Rider College.[5] In 1992, following a year of affiliation, Rider College merged with Westminster Choir College and the music school became a part of the newly created Rider University. Despite promises that Rider would maintain the Westminster Choir College campus in Princeton, two years later, Rider President J. Barton Luedeke began exploring a move that would relocate WCC to Lawrenceville, New Jersey, to be with the rest of Rider University.[6] By 1996, the choir college appeared to have a vibrant fiscal future in Princeton, operating in the black, thanks to increased enrollment and donations.[7] One year later Erdman Hall was renovated, restored, and reopened as the Presser Music Center at Erdman Hall, featuring teaching studios, a keyboard laboratory, voice library and resource center, and new classroom space.

Despite the optimistic future in the 1990s, by the early 2000s Rider University determined Westminster Choir College either must create an even stronger fiscal future or face closure. Looking for a way to control costs and more effectively create synergies between the two campuses of Rider University (Westminster's and the main campus), in November 2007, Rider University President Mordechai Rozanski announced the creation of the Westminster College of the Arts. Westminster College of the Arts was envisioned to integrate Rider and Westminster more successfully, and create a new culture and environment of artistic excellence on both campuses. Westminster Choir College continued to educate Westminster College of the Arts students in the fields of piano, composition, voice, organ, choral conducting, sacred music, and music education. The newly formed School of Fine and Performing Arts served as the gateway to receiving a degree in musical theatre, arts administration, and music, as well as a non-professional degree (B.A. in Fine Arts) in music, dance, and theater.[8] The creation of Westminster College of the Arts sparked heated debate among administrators, students, alumni and faculty that highlighted the divide between Rider's Princeton and Lawrenceville campuses.[9]

Westminster formed the Princeton University Program with nearby Princeton University. By reciprocal arrangement, Westminster students, except freshmen, may petition to take courses at Princeton. Generally, no cost is involved beyond tuition charges at Westminster. Students are limited to one course per term, to fall or spring enrollment and to courses not offered by Westminster. The program is limited to 10 students per semester, selection and approval being made by academic deans at both institutions. In return, ten select students of Princeton University study and take courses at Westminster each semester.

In 2005, Westminster unveiled an ambitious master plan calling for upgrades including a new building, the first to be created on the campus under Rider University's stewardship.[10] The choir college also entered a cooperative agreement with the Princeton Regional Schools, allowing for up to 40 Westminster performances per year in their newly created Regional Performing Arts Center (located in Princeton High School across the street), alleviating Westminster's struggle from having no dedicated, large performance space on the campus.[11]

The lack of a large concert venue was solved in 2013 when the State of New Jersey allotted $4.6 million to Rider University to be spent on new academic facilities for Westminster's campus. Combined with donations from alumni and other supporters of the conservatory, the funds spent on this project far exceeded $5 million. Opened in 2014, the complex is named the Marion Buckelew Cullen Center in honor of the philanthropist who died in 2012 and made a $5 million bequest to Westminster Choir College. The new building contains a 3,000-square-foot performance and rehearsal hall named the Hillman Performance Hall, in recognition of the Henry L. Hillman Foundation, which provided a $3 million grant to support the project. In addition to the performance/rehearsal hall, the Cullen Center includes a large lobby, a green room, and three flexibly configured classrooms that accommodate a wide range of academic and choral uses. The Cullen Center also includes an integrated connection to The Playhouse that provides improved audience access and amenities. To maximize the opportunities the project offers for enhancing The Playhouse itself, the college secured $1.5 million to upgrade this building that has played such an important role in Westminster's history. Ground was broken for the project in the summer of 2013 and the Cullen Center was completed by spring 2015.[12] Currently, as a result of the college's move to Lawrenceville, the Cullen Center sits abandoned with no plans for future use.

2017–present: Move to Lawrenceville

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On March 28, 2017, after months of speculation following an announcement by Rider that it was again considering moving the Westminster students to the Lawrenceville campus and selling the Princeton campus due to purported financial problems, it was decided by the Board of Trustees that Rider would, instead, attempt to sell WCC to a new affiliate partner. A timeline of 12 months was established with hopes that a buyer would be found in the upcoming year.

Fearing that Westminster could be made to shutter its doors and cease its mission, a large ensemble of students, alumni, faculty, community members, and others gathered at the Lawrenceville campus for a silent protest on the morning of the vote. They sang the school's "alma mater" – "The Lord Bless You and Keep You" by Peter Lutkin – numerous times, hoping to convince the trustees not to silence the college.

On February 26, 2018, Rider announced its intention to sell Westminster to Kaiwen Education Technology (formerly Jiansu Zhongtai Steel Structure Company), a for-profit enterprise owned solely by the Chinese government.[13] This created widespread speculation that it was President Gregory G. Dell'Omo's intention to scuttle the college. This was also reported in a March 2018 Bloomberg Business News article which said that Beijing Kaiwen Education Technology Company had agreed to pay $40 million for the college.[14] The sale subsequently faced opposition from state politicians on grounds of national security, and lawsuits from Westminster alumni and donors and the Princeton Theological Seminary alleging, among other things, violation of IRS regulations[15] and of previous agreements governing the Princeton campus.[16]

On July 1, 2019, it was announced that Beijing Kaiwen was withdrawing from the proposed purchase. This was followed by news that Rider would relocate Westminster's programs to the Lawrenceville campus in September 2020.[16] At Rider University's convocation exercises on August 29, 2019, Dell'Omo announced that the relocation of Westminster and the sale of a large portion of Westminster's Princeton campus would directly benefit Rider University's ongoing campus investments.[17]

Westminster Choir College officially relocated to Rider's Lawrenceville campus in fall 2020, operating under remote instruction because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the Westminster College of the Arts merged with the Rider University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences to create the College of Arts and Sciences of which Westminster Choir College is a school. Enrollment has plummeted, and students have lodged numerous complaints as to the suitability of Rider's facilities.[18]

As of February 2023, the Princeton campus is still being used by Westminster Conservatory (the University's community music school), for outside rentals, and for a small number of Westminster Choir College rehearsals and performances. Rider University has also rented the parking lot to Princeton Council, garnering roughly $2000 per month.[19] The status of the campus continues to be uncertain as Rider University is being sued in two separate lawsuits involving alumni, faculty, students, and the Princeton Theological Seminary.[20][21]

Grammy Awards

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Talbott Library Learning Center
Westminster Williamson Voices,
James Jordan, Ariana Zukerman, and The Lincoln Trio with Bharat Chandra
Naxos Records (Nominated)
  • Dvořák: Requiem; Symphony No.9 From the New World, 2000
The Westminster Symphonic Choir
Zdeněk Mácal and the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra
Delos Records
The Westminster Symphonic Choir
Riccardo Muti and the Philadelphia Orchestra
Angel/EMI (Nominated)
  • Barber: Anthony & Cleopatra, 1983
The Westminster Symphonic Choir
C. Badea and the Spoleto Festival Orchestra
New World Records
The Westminster Symphonic Choir
Leonard Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic
Columbia (Nominated)

Symphonic performances

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The Westminster Symphonic Choir has performed with many major orchestras and conductors including: New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, National Symphony Orchestra, NBC Symphony Orchestra, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and Los Angeles Philharmonic. The Symphonic Choir, under the direction of Westminster's Director of Choral Activities, has sung at individual performances of large orchestral/choral works with professional orchestras conducted by Claudio Abbado, Daniel Barenboim, Leonard Bernstein, Herbert von Karajan, Eugene Ormandy, William Steinberg, Leopold Stokowski, Charles Dutoit, Neville Marriner, Nicholas McGegan, Arturo Toscanini, and Bruno Walter, and such contemporary figures as Pierre Boulez, Mariss Jansons, Erich Leinsdorf, James Levine, Zdeněk Mácal, Kurt Masur, Lorin Maazel, Michael Tilson Thomas, Riccardo Muti, Claudio Abbado, Seiji Ozawa, Wolfgang Sawallisch, Robert Shaw, Zubin Mehta, Albert Wolff, and Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos. The choir has also received numerous invitations over the years to sing with such touring orchestras as the Berlin Philharmonic, the Berlin State Opera Orchestra, the Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra, the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Korean Broadcasting Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, and the Vienna Philharmonic when these orchestras have come to perform in New York City and Philadelphia.[22] Since the move of WCC in 2020 to Rider University's Lawrenceville campus, WCC has collaborated with the Orchestra of St. Luke's, the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, and the Princeton Symphony.

Notable people

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Ithaca Hall on the later Princeton campus, honoring the previous 1929–1932 location of the college

Past and present faculty

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Alumni

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Who is Beijing Kaiwen Education Technology Co. Ltd.? And who is Jiangsu Zhongtai Bridge Steel Structure Co. Ltd.?". Rider University Chapter of the AAUP. American Association of University Professors. Retrieved 10 May 2024. Beijing Kaiwen Education Technology started operation in January 2018. Prior to that, the company was known as Jiangsu Zhongtai Bridge Steel Structure Co.
  2. ^ "Who is Beijing Kaiwen Education Technology Co. Ltd.? And who is Jiangsu Zhongtai Bridge Steel Structure Co. Ltd.?". Rider University Chapter of the AAUP. American Association of University Professors. Retrieved 10 May 2024. Beijing-Kaiwen Education Technology Co., Ltd is a heavily indebted company according to data provided by The Wall Street Journal and Morningstar. In 2016 (latest available data) it had extraordinarily high ratios related to debt - i.e., debt to equity (37.50), long-term debt to equity (6.87), debt to assets (22.07), cash to debt ratio (0.68). Its interest coverage, which is used to determine how easily a company can pay its annual interest expense on outstanding debt, was -2.76. A ratio of 2 is considered the minimum acceptable. In that year it had total liabilities of 1.96 billion Yuan with net income of -96million Yuan. Beijing-Kaiwen Education Technology Co., Ltd remains unprofitable. Reuters reported that in the 3rd quarter of 2017 Kaiwen had Revenues of 217.8 million Yuan and Net Income (loss) of -38.4 million Yuan. Morningstar reported Kaiwen's the total return percentage for the year 2016 Kaiwen was -6.77% and for 2017 it was -42.17%. For 2017, the average total return percentage for Morningstar China, an index of Chinese stocks that Morningstar follows, was +35%.
  3. ^ "Princeton, NJ readies $50M purchase of famous 30-acre choir college campus". Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  4. ^ Ruth Fesler Lipman papers, Hoover Presidential Library
  5. ^ Ginsburg, Elisabeth (1993-03-07). "Westminster Choir College - A Merger's New Challenges". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  6. ^ Ginsburg, Elisabeth (1994-07-10). "Choir College May Get New Address". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  7. ^ Kandell, Leslie (1996-04-21). "A Choir School Is Singing Its Ode to Joy Again". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  8. ^ "School of Fine and Performing Arts". Rider University. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  9. ^ Scanlon, Jess (2010-12-02). "All for One or One for All?: Cultural differences = divide between campuses". The Rider News. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  10. ^ "Master Plan and New Academic Building". KSS Architects. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  11. ^ "Westminster Celebrates Opening of Princeton High School Performing Arts Center". Rider University. 2006-10-12. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. ^ "New Building Construction at Westminster". Rider University. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  13. ^ Shea, Kevin (March 4, 2018). "Chinese firm buying choir college also builds steel bridges, worrying faculty". NJ.com. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  14. ^ Einhorn, Bruce; Li, Hui (March 20, 2018). "Chinese Companies Are Buying Up Cash-Strapped U.S. Colleges". Bloomberg News.
  15. ^ Obernauer, Eric (March 15, 2019). "Wirths seeks to block Chinese purchase of N.J. music college". New Jersey Herald. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019.
  16. ^ a b Seltzer, Rick (July 2, 2019). "Westminster Choir College sale scrapped, but Rider University returns to campus consolidation plans". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  17. ^ Neukam, Stephen (September 4, 2019). "Rider looks to consolidate Westminster, faces new litigation". The Rider News. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  18. ^ "Westminster Students Say Rider's Response to Petition Ignores Their Concerns | Town Topics". Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  19. ^ Writer, LEA KAHN, Staff (2022-09-28). "Princeton Council renews parking lot agreement with Rider University". centraljersey.com. Retrieved 2023-07-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Siock, Sarah (March 31, 2021). "Princeton campus remains unsold a year after two lawsuit dismissals". The Rider News. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  21. ^ Kahn, Leah (July 12, 2023). "Battle of Westminster Choir College move continues". CentralNJ.com. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  22. ^ "Westminster Symphonic Choir Performances".
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40°21′22″N 74°39′10″W / 40.35624°N 74.65291°W / 40.35624; -74.65291

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