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The zero flag is a single bit flag that is a central feature on most conventional CPU architectures (including x86, ARM, PDP-11, 68000, 6502, and numerous others). It is often stored in a dedicated register, typically called status register or flag register, along with other flags. The zero flag is typically abbreviated Z or ZF or similar in most documentation and assembly languages.
Along with a carry flag, a sign flag and an overflow flag, the zero flag is used to check the result of an arithmetic operation, including bitwise logical instructions. It is set to 1, or true, if an arithmetic result is zero, and reset otherwise. This includes results which are not stored, as most traditional instruction sets implement the compare instruction as a subtract where the result is discarded. It is also common that processors have a bitwise AND-instruction that does not store the result.
The logical formula of the zero flag for a twos-complement binary operand is NOT(OR(all bits of the operand in question)).
In most processors, the zero flag is mainly used in conditional branch instructions, which alter control flow on previous instruction results, but there are often other uses as well.
In some instruction sets such as the MIPS architecture, a dedicated flag register is not used; jump instructions instead check a register for zero.[1]
References
edit- ^ "MIPS instruction set R5" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 15, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2024.