Zoraida di Granata (also Zoraide di Granata or Zoraïda di Granata) is a melodramma eroico (opera seria or 'heroic' opera), in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. The Italian libretto had been partly prepared by Bartolomeo Merelli (about whose tardiness the composer complained), based on the French play, Gonzalve de Cordoue ou Grenade Reconquise by Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian (1791), and on a libretto by Luigi Romanelli to an opera by Nicolini called Abenamet e Zoraide.
| Zoraida di Granata | |
|---|---|
| Opera by Gaetano Donizetti | |
 Gustave Doré: Zoraida falls in the Captive's arms | |
| Librettist | Bartolomeo Merelli |
| Language | Italian |
| Based on | Gonzalve de Cordoue by Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian |
| Premiere | 28 January 1822 Teatro Argentina, Rome |
When Donizetti arrived in Rome, carrying a letter of introduction from his teacher and mentor Johann Simon Mayr to poet and librettist Jacopo Ferretti, he secured his help in revising Merelli's text.[1]
Although it was Donizetti's first theatrical success "and the opera in which he began to adopt 'Rossinian' techniques",[2] the original 1822 version of this violent love story was never given a complete performance because Amerigo Sbigoli, the tenor originally cast in the role of Abenamet, died shortly before the first night, with no replacement available. Donizetti quickly adapted this role for contralto, though omitting three numbers in the process.
The first performance took place at the Teatro Argentina, Rome, on 28 January 1822 and it and its composer received great acclaim in the weekly Notizie del giorno:
- "A new and very happy hope is rising for the Italian musical theatre. The young Maestro Gaetano Donizetti...has launched himself strongly in his truly serious opera, Zoraida. Unanimous, sincere, universal was the applause he justly collected from the capacity audience...".[3]
The opera was presented in a revised edition at the same theatre on 7 January 1824, and given a revival in Lisbon in 1825.[3]
Roles
edit
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 28 January 1822 (Conductor: - ) |
|---|---|---|
| Almuzir, King of Granada | tenor | Domenico Donzelli |
| Almanzor, friend of Abenamet | bass | Gaetano Rambaldi |
| Zoraida, in love with, and loved by, Abenamet | soprano | Maria Ester Mombelli |
| Abenamet, General of the Moors | originally tenor (then substitute contralto) |
Amerigo Sbigoli (Adelaide Mazzanti)[4] |
| Ines, a Spanish slave and friend of Zoraida | mezzo-soprano | Gaetana Corini |
| Aw Zegri | bass | Alberto Torri |
Synopsis
editThe murderous and duplicitous Almuzir wishes to marry Zoraida, the daughter of the late king, who in turn loves Abenamet, the victorious General of the Moors. To save Abenamet from the sentence of death passed on him consequent to the machinations of Almuzir, Zoraida agrees to the marriage. She survives Abenamet's doubts as to her fidelity and somewhat implausibly is allowed to marry him.
Recordings
edit1822 version
edit| Year | Cast (Almuzir, Zoraida, Abenamet, Almanzor) |
Conductor, Opera House and Orchestra |
Label[5] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Bruce Ford, Majella Cullagh, Paul Austin Kelly, Matthew Hargreaves |
David Parry, Geoffrey Mitchell Choir, Orchestra of the Academy of Saint Martin in the Fields |
Opera Rara, ORC17;
(CD 1, CD 2, CD 3 tracks 1-9) |
1824 version
editThe Opera Rara recording contains an additional twenty pieces from the 1824 version, with Diana Montague in the role of Abenamet (CD 3, tracks 10-14, and CD 4).
.
References
editNotes
- ^ Allit 1991, pp. 26–27
- ^ Ashbrook and Hibberd 2001, p. 226
- ^ a b Osborne 1994, p. 146
- ^ Ashbrook 1986, p. 20. The first name 'Adelaide' is reported by Richard, Zoraida di Granata, Donizetti, "Opera", 51, 1, January 2000, pp. 119–120.
- ^ Recordings of the opera on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
Cited sources
- Ashbrook, William and Sarah Hibberd (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam. ISBN 0-14-029312-4. pp. 224 – 247.
- (in Italian) Ashbrook, William (1986), Donizetti. I: La vita, Turin: EDT. ISBN 8870630412
- Osborne, Charles, (1994), The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0-931340-71-3
Other sources
- Allitt, John Stewart (1991), Donizetti: in the light of Romanticism and the teaching of Johann Simon Mayr, Shaftesbury: Element Books, Ltd (UK); Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.(USA)
- Ashbrook, William (1982), Donizetti and His Operas, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23526-X
- Ashbrook, William (1998), "Donizetti, Gaetano" in Stanley Sadie (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. One. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5
- Loewenberg, Alfred (1970). Annals of Opera, 1597-1940, 2nd edition. Rowman and Littlefield
- Sadie, Stanley, (Ed.); John Tyrell (Exec. Ed.) (2004), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-19-517067-2 (hardcover). ISBN 0-19-517067-9 OCLC 419285866 (eBook).
- Weinstock, Herbert (1963), Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris, and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, New York: Pantheon Books. LCCN 63-13703