The 2021 Malacca state election, formally the 15th Malacca state election, took place on 20 November 2021. This election was to elect 28 members of the 15th Malacca State Legislative Assembly. The previous assembly was dissolved on 4 October 2021.[1]
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All 28 seats to the Malacca State Legislative Assembly 15 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 495,195 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 65.85% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results by constituency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The snap election of the state was called prematurely following a political crisis. It came after four members of the assembly (MLA) who had previously supported incumbent Chief Minister Sulaiman Md Ali announced the loss of confidence and withdrawal of their support for him on 4 October 2021.[2] They are former Chief Minister, Member of the State Executive Council (EXCO), Sungai Udang MLA Idris Haron and Pantai Kundor MLA Nor Azman Hassan from BN, independent (IND) EXCO member, Pengkalan Batu MLA Norhizam Hassan Baktee as well as EXCO member, Telok Mas MLA Noor Effandi Ahmad from PN.
Malacca became the fourth state in Malaysia (since 2021) that did not hold a state election simultaneously with the general election after Sabah (1967–1999 and since 2020), Sarawak (since 1979), and Kelantan (March 1978). This is also the first election following Ismail Sabri Yaakob's appointment as Prime Minister on 21 August 2021 and also the first state election held in the Malay Peninsula since the fall of the Pakatan Harapan state and federal governments in 2020.
This election was unique because it featured two major coalition parties in the government, namely Barisan Nasional and Perikatan Nasional, competing against each other. BN, through UMNO, had announced that it would not cooperate with Perikatan Nasional, led by Parti Peribumi Bersatu Malaysia (BERSATU). Such competition between former coalition partners had previously only occurred in East Malaysia.[3]
Barisan Nasional (BN) won a landslide victory in the state election, winning 21 seats in the legislature and a two-thirds majority. Pakatan Harapan (PH) suffered a major defeat, winning just 5 seats, with the People's Justice Party (PKR) losing all its contested seats. Perikatan Nasional (PN) won 2 seats.
Constituencies
edit
Composition before dissolution
edit| Government | Opposition | ||||
| BN | PN | PH | IND | ||
| 12 | 1 | 11 | 4 | ||
| 12 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 2 | |
| UMNO | BERSATU | DAP | AMANAH | PKR | IND |
Electoral system
editElections in Malaysia are conducted at the federal and state levels. Federal elections elect members of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state elections in each of the 13 states elect members of their respective state legislative assembly. As Malaysia follows the Westminster system of government, the head of government (Prime Minister at the federal level and the Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers at the state level) is the person who commands the confidence of the majority of members in the respective legislature – this is normally the leader of the party or coalition with the majority of seats in the legislature.
The Legislative Assembly consists of 28 members, known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), that are elected for five-year terms. Each MLA is elected from a single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post voting system; each constituency contains approximately an equal number of voters. If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the government, with its leader becoming the Chief Minister. In the event of a hung parliament, where no single party obtains the majority of seats, the government may still form through a coalition or a confidence and supply agreement with other parties. In practice, coalitions and alliances in Malaysia, and by extension, in Malacca, generally persist between elections, and member parties do not normally contest for the same seats.
Political parties
edit| Coalition(s) | Other parties | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government | Opposition | ||
| Barisan Nasional (BN) |  Perikatan Nasional (PN)
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 Pakatan Harapan (PH)
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Retiring incumbent
editThe following members of the 14th State Legislative Assembly retired.
| No. | Federal Constituency | Departing MLA | Party | Date confirmed | First elected | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N02 | Tanjung Bidara | Md Rawi Mahmud | BN (UMNO) | 10 October 2021[6] | 2013 | Not seeking re-election |
| N01 | Kuala Linggi | Ismail Othman | BN (UMNO) | 4 November 2021[7] | 2008 | No nomination by the party |
| N03 | Ayer Limau | Amiruddin Yusop | BN (UMNO) | |||
| N05 | Taboh Naning | Latipah Omar | BN (UMNO) | |||
| N10 | Asahan | Abdul Ghafar Atan | BN (UMNO) | 2004 | ||
| N25 | Rim | Ghazale Muhamad | BN (UMNO) | 2008 | ||
| N27 | Merlimau | Roslan Ahmad | BN (UMNO) | 2011 | ||
| N28 | Sungai Rambai | Hasan Abd Rahman | BN (UMNO) | 2008 | ||
| N24 | Bemban | Wong Fort Pin | PH (DAP) | 5 November 2021 | 2018 | |
| N08 | Machap Jaya | Ginie Lim Siew Lin | PH (PKR) | 6 November 2021 | ||
| N23 | Telok Mas | Noor Effandi Ahmad | IND | 8 November 2021 | Not seeking re-election |
Timeline
edit| Date | Event[1] |
|---|---|
| 5 October 2021 | Dissolution of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly |
| 17 October 2021 | Issue of the Writ of Election |
| 8 November 2021 | Nomination day |
| 8–20 November 2021 | Campaigning period |
| 16–19 November 2021 | Early voting for postal, overseas and advance voters |
| 20 November 2021 | Polling day |
Pre-nomination events
edit| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 4 October 2021 | Four Malacca assemblymen declared that they have lost confidence in Chief Minister Sulaiman Md Ali's leadership. The assemblymen are former Malacca Chief Minister Idris Haron, Nor Azman Hassan, Norhizam Hassan Baktee and Noor Effandi Ahmad. Idris said the move was due to a series of decisions not implemented by the state government, which he added portrayed Malacca as a 'flip flop' state.[8] |
.svg){kind=small} The membership of Idris Haron and Nor Azman Hassan in UMNO was automatically dropped after being involved in the movement to overthrow the existing Malacca State Government.[9]
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| 5 October 2021 | Malacca Assembly speaker disclosed that Malacca Chief Minister, Sulaiman Md Ali, took steps to dissolve the State Legislative Assembly starting 4 October 2021, in an effort to resolve the political crisis in the state. The dissolution of the state assembly was made after Sulaiman lost the majority of support, following the actions of four state assemblymen from the government bloc, withdrawing support for his leadership yesterday. The decision to dissolve the state assembly was made after the proposal submitted by Sulaiman received the approval of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, Mohd Ali Rustam.[10] |
 Malacca PN chief Rafiq Naizmohideen announced immediate loss of Noor Effandi Ahmad's membership in BERSATU. The declaration was made due to his apparent cooperation with PH by being together with PH in a previous press conference on 4 October.[11]
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| 10 October 2021 | Tanjung Bidara State Assemblyman Md Rawi Mahmud announces that he will not defend his constituency in the upcoming election.[7]
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| 18 October 2021 | The Malaysian Election Commission sets 8 November as the nomination day and 20 November as the polling day; this provides for a minimum campaigning period of 12 days.[12] |
| 2 November 2021 |  A former member of the navy, Mohan Singh Booda Singh has announced his intention to contest as an Independent for the Gadek state constituency.[13]
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| 5 November 2021 |  Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH, names its candidates for 8 of the state constituencies in Malacca, namely Gadek, Pengkalan Batu, Ayer Keroh, Kesidang, Kota Laksamana, Duyong, Bandar Hilir, and Bemban.[14]
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| 6 November 2021 | Barisan Nasional (BN) states that it will be contesting in all of the state constituencies in Malacca, and announces its candidates for the 28 seats.[15] |
 Malaysia Mighty Bumiputera Party (PUTRA) announces its candidates for 5 of the state constituencies.[4]
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| National Indian Muslim Alliance Party (IMAN) announces its sole electoral candidate, who will contest the Machap Jaya state constituency.[5] | |
| Pakatan Harapan (PH) states that it will be contesting in all of the state constituencies in Malacca, and announces its candidates for the 20 seats.[16]
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| Perikatan Nasional (PN) states that it will be contesting in all of the state constituencies in Malacca, and announces its candidates for the 28 seats.[17]
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| 7 November 2021 | Pengkalan Batu MLA Norhizam Hassan Baktee announces that he will retain his seat as an independent candidate.[18]
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Electoral candidates
edit| No. | Parliamentary Constituency | No. | State constituency | Incumbent State Assemblyman | Political parties[19][20] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Other parties/Independent | ||||||||||||||
| Candidate Name | Party | Candidate Name | Party | Candidate Name | Party | Candidate Name | Party | |||||||||
| P134 | Masjid Tanah | N01 | Kuala Linggi | Ismail Othman (BN) | Rosli Abdullah | UMNO | Julasapiah Kasim | AMANAH | Aziah Mohd Sa'ad | PAS | Kamisan Palil¹ | IND | ||||
| N02 | Tanjung Bidara | Md Rawi Mahmud (BN) | Ab Rauf Yusoh | UMNO | Zainal Hassan | PKR | Mas Ermieyati Samsudin | BERSATU | None
| |||||||
| N03 | Ayer Limau | Amiruddin Yusop (BN) | Hameed Mytheen Kunju Basheer | UMNO | Mazenah Baharuddin | AMANAH | Noordina Abd Latif | BERSATU | ||||||||
| N04 | Lendu | Sulaiman Md Ali (BN) | Sulaiman Md Ali | UMNO | Mohamad Asri Ibrahim | PKR | Abdullah Mahadi | BERSATU | ||||||||
| N05 | Taboh Naning | Latipah Omar (BN) | Zulkiflee Mohd Zin | UMNO | Zairi Subuh | AMANAH | Abu Hashim Abdul Samad | PAS | ||||||||
| P135 | Alor Gajah | N06 | Rembia | Muhammad Jailani Khamis (BN) | Muhammad Jailani Khamis | UMNO | Zamri Pakiri | PKR | Zamzuri Arifin | BERSATU | Murali Krishnan | IND | ||||
| Sabarudin Kudus¹ | IND | |||||||||||||||
| N07 | Gadek | Saminathan Ganesan (PH) | Shanmugam Ptcyhay | MIC | Saminathan Ganesan | DAP | Mohd. Amir Fitri Muharram | BERSATU | Laila Norinda Maon | PUTRA | ||||||
| Mohan Singh Booda Singh | IND | |||||||||||||||
| Azafen Amin¹ | IND | |||||||||||||||
| N08 | Machap Jaya | Ginie Lim Siew Lin (PH) | Ngwe Hee Sem | MCA | Law Bing Haw | PKR | Tai Siong Jiul | BERSATU | Abdul Aziz Osani Kasim | IMAN | ||||||
| Azlan Daud¹ | IND | |||||||||||||||
| N09 | Durian Tunggal | Mohd Sofi Abdul Wahab (PH) | Zahari Abdul Khalil | UMNO | Mohd Sofi Abdul Wahab | AMANAH | Ja'afar Othman | PAS | Mohd Erfan Mahrilar¹ | IND | ||||||
| N10 | Asahan | Abdul Ghafar Atan (BN) | Fairul Nizam Roslan | UMNO | Idris Haron | PKR | Dhanesh Basil | GERAKAN | Mohd Noor Saleh | IND | ||||||
| Azmar Ab Hamid | IND | |||||||||||||||
| Mohd Akhir Ayob¹ | IND | |||||||||||||||
| P136 | Tangga Batu | N11 | Sungai Udang | Idris Haron (IND) | Mohamad Ali Mohamad | UMNO | Hasmorni Tamby | PKR | Mohd Aleef Yusof | BERSATU | Mohd Zahar Hashim¹ | IND | ||||
| N12 | Pantai Kundor | Nor Azman Hassan (IND) | Tuminah Kadi @ Mohd Hasim | UMNO | Nor Azman Hassan | AMANAH | Mohamad Ridzwan Mustafa | BERSATU | None
| |||||||
| N13 | Paya Rumput | Md Rafiq Naizamohideen (PN) | Rais Yasin | UMNO | Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin | PKR | Muhammad Faris Izwan Mazlan | BERSATU | Muhammad Hashidi Mohd Zin | PUTRA | ||||||
| Mohd Jaini Dimon¹ | IND | |||||||||||||||
| N14 | Kelebang | Gue Teck (PH) | Lim Ban Hong | MCA | Gue Teck | PKR | Bakri Jamaluddin | PAS | None
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| P137 | Hang Tuah Jaya | N15 | Pengkalan Batu | Norhizam Hassan Baktee (IND) | Kalsom Noordin | UMNO | Muhamad Danish Zainudin | DAP | Mohd Azrudin Md Idris | BERSATU | Mohd Aluwi Sari | PUTRA | ||||
| Norhizam Hassan Baktee | IND | |||||||||||||||
| N16 | Ayer Keroh | Kerk Chee Yee (PH) | Yong Fun Juan | MCA | Kerk Chee Yee | DAP | Micheal Gan Peng Lam | GERAKAN | None
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| N17 | Bukit Katil | Adly Zahari (PH) | Hasnoor Sidang Husin | UMNO | Adly Zahari | AMANAH | Muhammad Al Afiz Yahya | PAS | Abdul Hamid Mustapah¹ | IND | ||||||
| N18 | Ayer Molek | Rahmad Mariman (BN) | Rahmad Mariman | UMNO | Mohd Rafee Ibrahim | PKR | Mohd Fadly Samin | BERSATU | Ahmad Muaz Idris¹ | IND | ||||||
| P138 | Kota Melaka | N19 | Kesidang | Allex Seah Shoo Chin (PH) | Leong Hui Ying | MCA | Allex Seah Shoo Chin | DAP | Patrick Ng Chin Kae | GERAKAN | None
| |||||
| N20 | Kota Laksamana | Low Chee Leong (PH) | Benjamin Low Chin Hong | MCA | Low Chee Leong | DAP | Fong Khai Ling | GERAKAN | ||||||||
| N21 | Duyong | Damian Yeo Shen Li (PH) | Mohd Norhelmy Abdul Halem | UMNO | Damian Yeo Shen Li | DAP | Kamarudin Sedik | PAS | Mohd Faizal Hamzah | PUTRA | ||||||
| Muhamad Hafiz Ishak¹ | IND | |||||||||||||||
| Gan Tian Soh | IND | |||||||||||||||
| N22 | Bandar Hilir | Tey Kok Kiew (PH) | Lee Kah Sean | MCA | Leng Chau Yen | DAP | Clarice Chan Ming Wang | GERAKAN | Mak Chee Kin | IND | ||||||
| N23 | Telok Mas | Noor Effandi Ahmad (IND) | Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman | UMNO | Asyraf Mukhlis Minghat | AMANAH | Md Rafiq Naizamohideen | BERSATU | Muhammad Ariff Adly Mohammad¹ | IND | ||||||
| P139 | Jasin | N24 | Bemban | Wong Fort Pin (PH) | Koh Chin Han | MCA | Tey Kok Kiew | DAP | Mohd Yadzil Yaakub | BERSATU | Ng Choon Koon | IND | ||||
| Azmi Kamis | IND | |||||||||||||||
| N25 | Rim | Ghazale Muhamad (BN) | Khaidiriah Abu Zahar | UMNO | Prasanth Kumar Brakasam | PKR | Azalina Abdul Rahman | BERSATU | None
| |||||||
| N26 | Serkam | Zaidi Attan (BN) | Zaidi Attan | UMNO | Mohd Khomeini Kamal | AMANAH | Ahmad Bilal Rahaudin | PAS | Norazlanshah Hazali¹ | IND | ||||||
| N27 | Merlimau | Roslan Ahmad (BN) | Muhammad Akmal Saleh | UMNO | Azrin Ab Majid | AMANAH | Abd Alim Shapie | PAS | None
| |||||||
| N28 | Sungai Rambai | Hasan Abd Rahman (BN) | Siti Faizah Abdul Aziz | UMNO | Farzana Hayani Mohd Nasir | PKR | Muhammad Jefri Safry | BERSATU | Nazatul Asyraf Md Dom | PUTRA | ||||||
Note: 1Independent candidates form 'Gagasan Bebas' informal Independent bloc and contested using the various symbols.[21]
Results
edit| Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barisan Nasional | United Malays National Organisation | 95,382 | 29.84 | 18 | +5 | ||
| Malaysian Chinese Association | 24,337 | 7.61 | 2 | +2 | |||
| Malaysian Indian Congress | 3,022 | 0.95 | 1 | +1 | |||
| Total | 122,741 | 38.39 | 21 | +8 | |||
| Pakatan Harapan | Democratic Action Party | 61,577 | 19.26 | 4 | –4 | ||
| People's Justice Party | 28,821 | 9.02 | 0 | –3 | |||
| National Trust Party | 24,059 | 7.53 | 1 | –1 | |||
| Total | 114,457 | 35.80 | 5 | –8 | |||
| Perikatan Nasional | Malaysian United Indigenous Party | 46,688 | 14.60 | 2 | 0 | ||
| Malaysian Islamic Party | 22,252 | 6.96 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia | 8,791 | 2.75 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Total | 77,731 | 24.31 | 2 | –8 | |||
| Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia | 367 | 0.11 | 0 | New | |||
| National Indian Muslim Alliance Party | 167 | 0.05 | 0 | New | |||
| Independents | 4,226 | 1.32 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Total | 319,689 | 100.00 | 28 | 0 | |||
| Valid votes | 319,689 | 98.04 | |||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 6,379 | 1.96 | |||||
| Total votes | 326,068 | 100.00 | |||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 495,196 | 65.85 | |||||
| Source: Dashboard SPR | |||||||
| Barisan Nasional government (21) | Pakatan Harapan-led opposition (7)* | ||||
| 21 | 2 | 5 | |||
| Barisan Nasional | Perikatan Nasional | Pakatan Harapan | |||
| 18 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| UMNO | MCA | MIC | BERSATU | AMANAH | DAP |
| Malacca State Legislative Assembly, 20 November 2021 (28 seats) | |||||
By parliamentary constituency
editBarisan Nasional won 4 of 6 parliamentary constituency, including Masjid Tanah and Alor Gajah, which is held by Perikatan Nasional and Tangga Batu, which is held by Pakatan Harapan.
| No. | Constituency | Barisan Nasional | Pakatan Harapan | Perikatan Nasional | Member of Parliament |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P134 | Masjid Tanah | 54.65% | 15.43% | 29.79% | Mas Ermieyati Samsudin |
| P135 | Alor Gajah | 45.29% | 32.10% | 20.63% | |
| Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof | |||||
| P136 | Tangga Batu | 39.62% | 27.26% | 31.91% | Rusnah Aluai |
| P137 | Hang Tuah Jaya | 36.56% | 39.00% | 21.42% | Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin |
| P138 | Kota Melaka | 25.10% | 58.48% | 15.40% | Khoo Poay Tiong |
| P139 | Jasin | 45.40% | 20.96% | 32.17% | Ahmad Hamzah |
Seats that changed allegiance
edit| No. | Seat | Previous Party (2018) | Current Party (2021) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N6 | Rembia | Pakatan Harapan (PKR) | Barisan Nasional (UMNO) | ||||
| N7 | Gadek | Pakatan Harapan (DAP) | Barisan Nasional (MIC) | ||||
| N8 | Machap Jaya | Pakatan Harapan (PKR) | Barisan Nasional (MCA) | ||||
| N9 | Durian Tunggal | Pakatan Harapan (Amanah) | Barisan Nasional (UMNO) | ||||
| N11 | Sungai Udang | Barisan Nasional (UMNO) | Perikatan Nasional (Bersatu) | ||||
| N13 | Paya Rumput | Pakatan Harapan (Bersatu) | Barisan Nasional (UMNO) | ||||
| N14 | Kelebang | Pakatan Harapan (PKR) | Barisan Nasional (MCA) | ||||
| N15 | Pengkalan Batu | Pakatan Harapan (DAP) | Barisan Nasional (UMNO) | ||||
| N21 | Duyong | Pakatan Harapan (DAP) | Barisan Nasional (UMNO) | ||||
| N23 | Telok Mas | Pakatan Harapan (Bersatu) | Barisan Nasional (UMNO) | ||||
| N24 | Bemban | Pakatan Harapan (DAP) | Perikatan Nasional (Bersatu) | ||||
Election pendulum
edit2021 Malacca state election
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Aftermath
editSulaiman were sworn in as Chief Minister of Malacca for the second time, on the morning of 21 November, a day after the election.[22] He holds the role until 30 March 2023, when he tendered his resignation letter to the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca. He was replaced by Ab Rauf Yusoh, MLA for Tanjung Bidara and the UMNO state leader of Malacca, who was sworn in on 31 March 2023.[23] Six days after Ab Rauf's appointment, a minor EXCO reshuffle took place on 5 April, where 2 EXCO members were dropped and 3 EXCO members were added, including one Pakatan Harapan MLA, in a swearing in ceremony.[24] The new EXCO lineup is to reflect the government pact between PH and BN after the general election in November 2022.[25] In response to Rauf's appointment, Muhammad Jailani Khamis, one of the EXCO members dropped in the reshuffle announced his withdrawal of support to the Rauf-led state government, although he is not resigning from UMNO and requested to the party's disciplinary board to decide on his status.[26] He later were suspended of his UMNO membership by the party's disciplinary board for 6 years after spotted attending PN's by-election campaign in Simpang Jeram and Pulai. This made Jailani quit the party and joined PAS in June 2023, but were only announced by PAS secretary general one year later in July 2024.[27]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Fareez Azman (5 October 2021). "Dun Melaka dibubar - Speaker" (in Malay). Astro Awani. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ^ "Governor dissolves Melaka state assembly". Daily Express. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ^ "BN-PN clash in Malacca polls sign of new politics - Annuar Musa".
- ^ a b "Melaka polls: Putra makes debut, fields five candidates". Bernama. The Edge Markets. 6 November 2021. Archived from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Parti Iman bertanding satu kerusi di DUN Machap Jaya" (in Malay). Malaysia Gazette. 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ Amran Mulup (10 October 2021). "Md. Rawi tidak pertahan DUN Tanjung Bidara". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ a b FMT Reporters (4 November 2021). "PRN Melaka: Umno tampil 90% muka baharu" (in Malay). Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
- ^ "Four Melaka assemblymen declare loss of confidence in Chief Minister's leadership". Astro Awani. 2021-10-04. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Keahlian Idris, Nor Azman dalam UMNO gugur". Sinar Harian (in Malay). 2021-10-04. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "DUN Melaka bubar, pilihan raya dalam tempoh 60 hari" (in Malay). 5 October 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Keahlian Noor Effandi yang berpaling tadah, gugur secara automatik - Mohd Rafiq" (in Malay). Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "PRN Melaka 20 November". Berita Harian (in Malay). 2021-10-18. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Melaka Polls: Sikh lawyer to stand as Independent". The Star. 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "DAP to field two new faces in Malacca polls, sends state chief to riskier seat". 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "BN tanding di 28 kerusi PRN Melaka". Berita Harian (in Malay). 2021-11-06. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Pakatan Harapan announces candidates for Melaka polls, to contest all 28 seats". The Star. 2021-11-06. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "PRN Melaka: Pengumuman calon PN sahkan saingan tiga penjuru". Harian Metro (in Malay). 2021-11-06. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Norhizam umum tanding DUN Pengkalan Batu tiket Bebas". Berita Harian (in Malay). 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Dashboard SPR" (in Malay). Election Commission of Malaysia. 7 November 2021. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ "Malacca State Election 2021". Bernama. 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ^ "PRN Melaka: 15 calon Bebas 'bersatu' bawah Gagasan Bebas". Astro Awani (in Malay). 2021-11-08. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
- ^ Bernama (21 November 2021). "Sulaiman returns as Melaka Chief Minister". www.astroawani.com. Astro AWANI Network Sdn. Bhd. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
- ^ Lynelle Tham (1 April 2023). "Meet Melaka's new chief minister". Free Malaysia Today. FMT Media Sdn Bhd. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
- ^ Bernama (5 April 2023). "Three new faces in Melaka exco lineup including one from Pakatan, two dropped". Malay Mail. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ Bernama (1 April 2023). "Melaka exco line-up to reflect unity govt, says new chief minister". Malay Mail. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ Iskandar, Iylia Marsya (14 September 2023). "Let Umno disciplinary board decide Jailani's fate, says party sec-gen". nst.com.my. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ Reporters, F. M. T. (19 July 2024). "I joined PAS as BN failed to deliver on election promises, says Jailani". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
