Liu Yalou

Liu Yalou
Liu Yalou
刘亚楼
1st Commander of the PLA Air Force
	In office; 25 October 1949 – 7 May 1965
Chairman	Mao Zedong
Preceded by	Post established
Succeeded by	Wu Faxian
Personal details
Born	April 1910; Wuping, Fujian, China
Died	7 May 1965 (aged 55); Shanghai, China
Awards	Order of Bayi (First Class Medal); Order of Independence and Freedom (First Class Medal); Order of Liberation (First Class Medal);
Nickname	103 (military call sign)
Military service
Allegiance	China; Soviet Union
Branch/service	People's Liberation Army Ground Force; People's Liberation Army Air Force
Years of service	1929–1965
Rank	General (PLA); Major (USSR)
Commands	Chief of Staff, Manchurian Army Group, Chief commander, People's Liberation Army Air Force
Battles/wars	Soviet-German War (1940); Liaoshen Campaign (1948); Tianjin Campaign (1949)

Liu Yalou (simplified Chinese: 刘亚楼; traditional Chinese: 劉亞樓; pinyin: Liú Yàlóu; April 1910 – 7 May 1965) was a general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army who served as the inaugural commander-in-chief of the PLA Air Force. During the Chinese Civil War, he was chief of staff of Lin Biao's army group, which occupied the entirety of Manchuria in 1948 and captured 472,000 Kuomintang troops in the Liaoshen Campaign.

Biography

Early life

Liu was born in Wuping County, Fujian, China. He joined the CPC in the Jinggangshan Mountains in August 1929, and participated in the Encirclement Campaigns on the communist side. Like many late communist commanders, Liu was also a veteran of the Long March. During the Second Sino-Japanese War he became Lin Biao's chief assistant in the Red Army University in Yan'an.

During the Long March in 1934, Liu and his commander Chen Guang succeeded in forcing a way across the Wu River, securing the Chinese Red Army's passage across the river. He also led troops to capture Zunyi, Lou Shanguan. At the Dadu River banks, he ordered the Red Fourth Army to attack Luding Bridge.^[1]

Russia

Liu was sent to study in Frunze Military Academy in 1939–1941, and was commissioned as a major in the Soviet Red Army and participated in the Soviet-German War, and wrote several important essays on the Battle of Stalingrad.

In August 1945 Liu returned to China by following Soviet Marshal Aleksandr Vasilevsky's troops that invaded Manchuria during Operation August Storm before joining the communist Manchurian field army. In the same month, he was appointed as the Principal of the Northeast Aviation School, which would later serve as the backbone of the People's Liberation Air Force. He became Lin Biao's chief of staff of the North Eastern Armies prior to the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War.^{[citation needed]}

Chinese Civil War

With the outbreak of the Manchurian Campaign in 1947, he led forces in Linjiang. In 1948, he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Northeastern Military Region and assisted Lin Biao in the Liaoshen Campaign. During the assault on Pingjin in January 1949, Liu secured a victory over a 130,000 strong Nationalist force after 29 hours of intense battle, capturing the Nationalist General Chen Changjie.^[2] In the same year, he was appointed as a field commander of the Fourth Field Army.^[2]

Creation of the People's Liberation Army Air Force

On 25 October 1949, Liu was appointed as the chief of air force in the People's Liberation Army and by 11 November, air force command was officially formed.^[3] In enhancing the PLA's air force, he formed 7 aviation schools and established the doctrine for the air force.^[2] After the establishment of People's Republic of China in 1950, Mao Zedong prepared to support North Korea in the Korean War. Mao ordered Liu to go to the Soviet Union to lobby for their aid and to train Chinese pilots based on the Soviet model, so Liu was appointed First Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army Air Force in 1949. At that time the Chinese air force only possessed 15 MiG fighter planes. By the end of his career, he would form 27 schools dedicated to air force training.

After the Founding of the PRC

Alongside his position within the Chinese Air Force, he was appointed as the Deputy Minister for Defense in April 1949. He was also appointed various academic positions, such as Director of the 5th School of Research within the Ministry of Defense.^[2] During his political tenure, he was a member of the Central Military Commission and was a member of the 8th Central Committee. In 1964, he was elected as the honorary chairman of the Chinese People's Airways Association.^[2]

Personal life

Life as a writer

Liu was competent in Russian, and wrote several books of his experiences as a military leader in both Russia and China. These included his memoirs as the Chief of Staff of the Northeastern Field Army during the Manchurian Campaign in 1947–49, and books concerning Stalin and his subordinates.^[2]

Illness

In the early 1960s Liu fell ill with symptoms of liver cancer. Liu was visited in hospital by Lin Biao, who had otherwise never visited the sick before. After one year of considerable weight loss and worsening symptoms, Liu died in Shanghai in 1965. Lin took personal charge of Liu's funeral arrangements as he was one of the best assistants and staff officers in his military career.

References

^ 欧阳青 (2011). 1955共和国将帅授衔档案. 北京: 长城出版社. pp. 397–399. ISBN 978-7-5483-0058-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Biography of Liu Yalou". People's Daily. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
^ 《中国人民解放军军史》编写组 (2011). 中国人民解放军军史:第四卷. 军事科学出版社. p. 52. ISBN 978-7-80237-427-0.

Military offices
New title Air Force founded	Commander of the People's Liberation Army Air Force 1949–1965	Succeeded by Wu Faxian

[1] 欧阳青 (2011). 1955共和国将帅授衔档案. 北京: 长城出版社. pp. 397–399. ISBN 978-7-5483-0058-8.

[cpc-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Biography of Liu Yalou". People's Daily. Retrieved 4 November 2016.

[3] 《中国人民解放军军史》编写组 (2011). 中国人民解放军军史:第四卷. 军事科学出版社. p. 52. ISBN 978-7-80237-427-0.

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